Contents
Step 1: Learn about
diabetes...............................
Step 2: Know your diabetes
ABCs.....................
Step 3: Manage your
diabetes.............................
Step 4: Get routine
care.....................................
Where to get
help...............................................
4
Steps to Control
Your
Diabetes. For Life.
This booklet presents four key steps to help you manage your
diabetes and live a long and active life.
Step 1: Learn about diabetes.
Step 2: Know your diabetes ABCs.
Step 3: Manage your diabetes.
Step 4: Get routine care to
avoid problems.
Diabetes is a serious
disease. It affects almost every part of your body. That is why a health care
team may help you take care of your diabetes:
• doctor
• dentist
• diabetes educator
• dietitian
• eye doctor
• foot doctor
• mental health counselor
• nurse
• nurse practitioner
• pharmacist
• social worker
• friends and family
You are
the most important member of the team.
The q in this booklet
show actions you can take to manage your diabetes.
Help
your health care team make a diabetes care plan that will work for you.
Learn to make wise choices for
your diabetes care each day.
Step 1:
Learn about diabetes.
Diabetes means that your blood glucose (blood sugar) is too high.
Here are the main types of diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes—the body does not make insulin.
Insulin helps the body use glucose from food for energy. People with type 1
need to take insulin every day.
Type 2 diabetes—the body does not make or use
insulin well. People with type 2 often need to take pills or insulin. Type 2 is
the most common form of diabetes.
Gestational (jes-TAY-shon-al)
diabetes mellitus (GDM)—occurs when a woman is
pregnant. It raises her risk of getting another type of diabetes, mostly type 2,
for the rest of her life. It also raises her child’s risk of being overweight
and getting diabetes.
Diabetes
is serious.
You may have heard people
say they have “a touch of diabetes” or that their “sugar is a little high.”
These words suggest that diabetes is not a serious disease. That is not
correct. Diabetes is serious, but you can manage it!
All people with diabetes
need to make healthy food choices, stay at a healthy weight, and be active
every day.
Taking good care of
yourself and your diabetes can help you feel better and avoid health problems
caused by diabetes such as:
• heart attack and stroke
• eye problems that can
lead to trouble seeing or going blind
• nerve damage that can
cause your hands and feet to hurt, tingle, or feel numb. Some people may even
lose a foot or a leg.
• kidney problems that
can cause your kidneys to stop working
• gum disease and loss of teeth
When your blood glucose
is close to normal you are likely to:
• have more energy
• be less tired and
thirsty and urinate less often
• heal better and have
fewer skin or bladder infections
• have fewer problems
with your eyesight, skin, feet, and gums
Ask your health care team which type of
diabetes you have.
Learn why diabetes is serious.
q Learn how caring for your diabetes helps
you feel better today and in the future.
Step 2:
Know your diabetes ABCs.
Talk to you health care team about how to control your A1C, Blood
pressure, and Cholesterol. This can help lower your chances of having a heart
attack, stroke, or other diabetes problem. Here’s what the ABCs of diabetes
stand for:
A
for the A1C test (A-one-C).
It shows you how your blood glucose has been over the last three
months. The A1C goal for most people is below 7.
High blood glucose levels can harm your heart and blood vessels,
kidneys, feet, and eyes.
B
for Blood pressure.
The goal for most people with diabetes is below 130/80.
High blood pressure makes your heart work too hard. It can cause
heart attack, stroke, and kidney disease.
C
for Cholesterol.
The LDL goal for most people is below 100.
The HDL goal for most people is above 40.
LDL or “bad” cholesterol can build up and
clog your blood vessels. It can cause a heart attack or a stroke. HDL or “good”
cholesterol helps remove cholesterol from your blood vessels.
Ask your health care team:
what your A1C, Blood
pressure, and cholesterol numbers are
what your ABC numbers
should be
what you need to do to reach your targets
Step 3:
Manage
your diabetes.
Many people avoid the
long-term problems of diabetes by taking good care of themselves. Work with
your health care team to reach your ABC goals. Use this self-care plan.
• Use your diabetes
food plan. If you do not have one, ask your health care team for one.
- Eat healthy foods such
as fruits and vegetables, fish, lean meats, chicken or turkey without the skin,
dry peas or beans, whole grains, and low-fat or skim milk and cheese.
- Keep fish and lean meat
and poultry portions to about 3 ounces (or the size of a pack of cards). Bake,
broil, or grill it.
- Eat foods that have less
fat and salt.
- Eat foods with more fiber such as whole-grain cereals, breads,
crackers, rice, or pasta.
• Get
30 to 60 minutes of physical activity on most days of the week. Brisk
walking is a great way to move more.
• Stay
at a healthy weight by making healthy food choices and moving more.
• Ask
for help if you feel down. A mental health counselor, support group, member
of the clergy, friend, or family member will listen to your concerns and help
you feel better.
• Learn
to cope with stress. Stress can raise your blood glucose. While it is hard
to remove stress from your life, you can learn to handle it.
• Stop
smoking. Ask for help to quit.
• Take medicines even when you feel good. Ask you doctor if
you need aspirin to prevent a heart attack or stroke. Tell your doctor if you
cannot afford your medicine or if you have any side effects.
• Check
your feet every day for cuts, blisters, red spots, and swelling. Call your
health care team right away about any sores that won’t go away.
• Brush
your teeth and floss every day to avoid problems with your mouth, teeth, or
gums.
• Check
your blood glucose. You may want to test it one or more times a day.
• Check
your blood pressure. If your doctor advises.
• Report
any changes in your eyesight to your doctor.
Talk to your health care team about your blood glucose targets.
Ask how and when to test your blood glucose and how to use the results to
manage your diabetes.
Use this
plan as a guide to your self-care.
Discuss how
your self-care plan is working for you each time you visit your health care
team
Step 4:
Get
routine care to avoid problems.
See your health care team
at least twice a year to find and treat problems early. Discuss what steps you
can take to reach your goals.
At each
visit get a:
• blood pressure check
• foot check
• weight check
• review of your
self-care plan shown in Step 3
Two times each year get
an:
• A1C test—It may be
checked more often if it is over 7
Once each year get a:
• cholesterol test
• triglyceride
(try-GLISS-er-ide) test- a type of blood fat
• complete foot exam
• dental exam to check
teeth and gums—tell your dentist you have diabetes
• dilated eye exam to
check for eye problems
• flu shot
• urine and a blood test
to check for kidney problems
At least once get a:
• pneumonia (nu-mo-nya) shot
Ask your health care team about these and
other tests you may need. Ask what your results mean.
Write down the date and time of your next
visit.
If you have Medicare, ask your health care
team if Medicarewill cover some of the costs for
learning about healthy eating and diabetes
self care special shoes, if you need them
medical supplies
diabetes medicines
Where to get help:
Many
items are offered in English and Spanish.
National
Diabetes Education Program
1-800-438-5383
www.ndep.nih.gov
American
Association of Diabetes Educators
1-800-TEAM-UP4
(800-832-6874)
www.diabeteseducator.org
American
Diabetes Association
1-800-DIABETES
(800-342-2383)
www.diabetes.org
American
Dietetic Association
1-800-366-1655
www.eatright.org
American
Heart Association
800-AHA-USA1
(800-242-8721)
www.americanheart.org
Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention
1-877-232-3422
www.cdc.gov/diabetes
Centers
for Medicare & Medicaid Services
1-800-MEDICARE
or (800-633-4227)
www.medicare.gov/health/diabetes.asp
National
Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
National
Diabetes Information Clearinghouse
1-800-860-8747
The U.S. Department of
Health and Human Services’ National Diabetes Education Program (NDEP) is
jointly sponsored by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) with the support of more than 200
partner organizations.
โครงการให้ความรู้เรื่องโรคเบาหวานแห่งชาติ (NDEP) ของกรมบริการสุขภาพและประชาชนแห่งสหรัฐฯ ได้รับความอุปถัมภ์ร่วมกันจาก สถาบันสุขภาพแห่งชาติ
(NIH) และ ศูนย์ควบคุมและป้องกันโรค (CDC)
โดยการสนับสนุนขององค์กรหุ้นส่วนมากกว่า 200 แห่ง
Reviewed by Martha
Funnell, MS, RN, CDE
Michigan Diabetes
Research and Training Center
ตรวจทานโดย
Martha Funnell, MS, RN, CDE
Michigan Diabetes Research and Training Center (ศูนย์วิจัยและอบรมโรคเบาหวานแห่งมิชิแกน)
Thai translation provided by the Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention Multilingual Services
Thai translation reviewed by Dolradee Kate Moraras, American
Diabetes Association, Alexandria VA
แปลเป็นภาษาไทยโดย Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Multilingual
Services(แผนกบริการหลายภาษาประจำศูนย์ควบคุมและป้องกันโรค)
ตรวจทานการแปลภาษาไทยโดย ดลฤดี โมราราษฏร์
American Diabetes Association(สมาคมโรคเบาหวานอเมริกัน), Alexandria VA
NIH Publication No. NDEP-67TH • June 2007
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